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超鋒電氣：車床導軌高頻淬火後變形問題處理

? ? ?车床導軌淬火后变形主要原因：

1、車床導軌在進行高頻淬火後冷卻速度不均勻，車床導軌表面淬火，上表面冷卻速度快，而下部冷卻速度較慢，速度快的收縮大，導致車床導軌中部下凹的變形。

2、車床導軌淬火變形量的大小和導軌床身抵抗變形的剛度也有關系，如剛度小，變形量就越大。

3、車床導軌淬火工藝過程中，由于床身的熱脹冷縮不均勻以及金相組織轉變時的體積變化，會産生相當大的內應力，當內應力超過材料的強度極限時，使工件産生變形。

導軌淬火

導軌淬火

如何解決車床導軌高頻淬火後變形的重要問題：

1、振動時效法消除內應力

導軌表面淬火工序和後續磨削工序之間時床身振動時效，振動時效是將激振器固定在床身上，激振力使工件發生共振，床身産生交變運動吸收振動能量，使殘余力得到釋放，提高床身的尺寸穩定性。

2、采用變形補償工藝

在導軌刨削時，床身兩端支撐，中間向下加壓，使床身産生向下凹的變形，加工後，解除壓力，彈性變形恢複，從而控制導軌中間下凹。

3、提高床身與導軌的局部聯接剛度

在淬火時把床身固定在夾具上，借助夾具提高抵抗變形的能力，在淬火時，將床身固定在一個抗彎強度較大的底座上。

用以上方法可以防止在车床導軌淬火发生变形后，导致把两端的淬硬层全部磨去，也不能把导轨磨平直，导致车床导轨质量不合格，浪费原料，液硬件变薄，出现软点，耐磨性降低等缺点。

標簽: 高頻爐維修

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